In which event does the Earth cast a shadow onto the Moon?

The event where the Earth casts a shadow onto the Moon is a lunar eclipse. This occurs when the Earth is positioned directly between the Sun and the Moon, which prevents sunlight from directly illuminating the Moon. During this alignment, the Earth's shadow is cast on the Moon's surface, leading to a temporary darkening or red coloration known as a "blood moon."

This phenomenon can only occur during a full moon phase when the conditions are just right for the Earth's shadow to reach the Moon. The characteristics of a lunar eclipse distinguish it from other events, such as a solar eclipse, which involves the Moon blocking sunlight from reaching the Earth, or astronomical terms like supermoon and blue moon, which refer to specific occurrences related to the Moon's distance or phases rather than shadow casting. The lunar eclipse is a clear and direct interaction between celestial bodies where the Earth indeed casts its shadow onto the Moon.