What describes a system characterized by the absence of matter exchange with the surrounding environment?

The term that describes a system characterized by the absence of matter exchange with the surrounding environment is a closed system. In a closed system, energy can enter or leave, but mass remains constant as no matter is exchanged with outside surroundings. This is important in various scientific contexts, such as thermodynamics and environmental science, where understanding how energy transfers within a defined space while maintaining a consistent amount of mass is crucial.

In contrast, an open system allows both matter and energy to be exchanged with the environment, leading to changing quantities within the system itself. A dynamic system refers to one that is constantly changing or in motion, often involving matter and energy changes. Lastly, a static system denotes a state of equilibrium where no changes occur over time, which differs from how closed systems can still have energy transformations without matter transfer.