What geological phenomena are caused by tectonic plate movement?

Tectonic plate movement is a fundamental process that shapes the Earth's surface and is responsible for various geological phenomena. When tectonic plates shift, they can create stress and strain in the Earth's crust, which can lead to earthquakes. An earthquake occurs when this built-up energy is suddenly released as the plates move relative to one another.

Similarly, the movement of tectonic plates is a key factor in the formation of volcanoes. When an oceanic plate subducts beneath a continental plate, it can lead to melting of mantle material and the formation of magma, which can rise to the surface, resulting in volcanic eruptions.

Mountains also arise due to the collision of tectonic plates. When two continental plates converge, they can push against each other, leading to uplift and the creation of mountain ranges. This process is known as orogeny.

In contrast, weather patterns, river flow, and ocean currents are primarily influenced by atmospheric conditions, hydrological processes, and oceanic dynamics rather than the direct movement of tectonic plates. These processes are driven by the interaction of the atmosphere, water bodies, and the Earth's geography, making them distinct from the geological processes driven by tectonic activity.