What is the process called when the Earth moves around the Sun?

The process by which the Earth moves around the Sun is known as revolution. This term specifically refers to the orbital motion of one object around another, in this case, the Earth revolving around the Sun in a nearly circular path. The revolution of Earth takes approximately one year to complete and is responsible for the changing seasons, due to the tilt of the Earth's axis as it travels along its orbital path.

In contrast, rotation describes the spinning of an object around its own axis, which is what Earth does to create day and night. Drifting is not a scientific term commonly used in relation to celestial movement, and translating generally refers to a linear movement rather than an orbital one. Thus, revolution is the correct term to describe Earth's journey around the Sun.