Which type of wave is characterized by particles moving perpendicular to the direction the wave travels?

The correct answer is a transverse wave because, in this type of wave, the particles of the medium move at right angles, or perpendicular, to the direction in which the wave propagates. This means that if the wave is traveling horizontally, the particles of the medium will move up and down. This motion can be observed in examples such as waves on a string or surface water waves.

Transverse waves are distinct from longitudinal waves, in which particle motion occurs parallel to the wave direction, causing compressions and rarefactions in the medium. Although both mechanical and electromagnetic waves can include transverse components, the defining characteristic that specifically pertains to the orientation of particle movement in relation to wave travel is unique to transverse waves. Therefore, understanding the relationship between particle motion and wave direction is crucial in identifying wave types.